• EU integration should begin well before formal accession. This policy brief examines how the private sectors in Albania, Ukraine and Serbia can be better prepared to participate in the EU single market and benefit from European funding, regulatory frameworks and value chains. Based on stakeholder consultations, it identifies persistent gaps in EU-related knowledge, regulatory preparedness, funding access, advocacy capacity and institutional support, with SMEs and businesses outside capital cities facing particularly significant barriers.

    The brief argues for a shift from fragmented, project-based assistance to- wards a coordinated system of long-term ‘EU preparedness’. Governments and EU institutions should make existing opportunities more accessible by simplify- ing procedures, strengthening intermediary organisations, expanding regional outreach and providing targeted financial and technical support. Dedicated EU business one-stop shops, compliance accelerators, regional hubs and stronger public–private dialogue could help firms build the capabilities needed to operate effectively within the single market.

    Early engagement could also generate benefits before accession by facili- tating access to European value chains, investment, technology transfer and innovation networks. For Ukraine, in particular, reconstruction provides a unique opportunity to embed EU standards and technologies into emerging industries from the outset. The brief ultimately calls for a more proactive and economically focused approach to enlargement: one that equips businesses to contribute to the integration process rather than simply preparing them to adapt to member- ship once it arrives.

    Enlargement Integration Single Market Ukraine Western Balkans

    Preparing the Private Sector in the Western Balkans and Ukraine for EU Integration

    Policy Briefs

    24 Sep 2026

  • This study examines the influence of China’s presence and activities on the European Union (EU) integration process of the Western Balkans. Since the Thessaloniki Summit of 2003, only Croatia managed to join the EU, while the other countries in the region remain candidates for membership, with little prospects to join by 2030. The research investigates how China’s approach impacts specific outcomes, both supporting and undermining the EU accession process, chapter by chapter. It also explores the reasons behind these outcomes, including China’s approach, domestic agency, and geopolitical factors. The goal is to provide a comprehensive and cross-country analysis of China’s impact in the region and identify areas where the Western Balkan countries can eliminate or minimise negative consequences, or leverage potential synergies, ultimately aiming to understand the interplay between China’s involvement and the EU integration process in the Western Balkans.

    The presentation of the research findings took place on October 18 in Skopje, at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

    China Enlargement Foreign Policy Western Balkans

    China’s Influence on the Western Balkans’ EU Accession Process: Synergies and Obstacles

    Collaborative

    23 Oct 2023